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'Add History to your life--it's meaningful!'
Forthcoming will be anything concerning
the Dark Ages through the Renaissance.
Submit any aritcles or research.
The Middle Ages was a controversial era founded on three aspects.
Rome's left over ideals, the harships of existing in those times,
and the formation and governing of the rising Christian church.
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MEDIEVAL PEOPLE
AGES of Mankind
1. ICE AGE Pleistocene, glacial epoch of earth.
2. STONE AGE 2.5 million years ago to around 2400 b.c., stone weapons.
3. BRONZE AGE 3500 and 1500 b.c. with bronze metal weapons
4. IRON AGE 1500 b.c. onward with iron weapons appearing
OLD KINGDOM period in history of ancient Egypt 2780–2280BC. comprising 3rd to 6th dynasties by the predominance of Memphis.
MIDDLE KINGDOM/ Middle Empire Period in the history of ancient Egypt 2000–1785 b.c. comprising the 11th to 14th dynasties.
NEW KINGDOM period iancient Egypt 1550-1070BC. comprising the 18th to the 20th dynasties.
§ Chinese Empire originally called this due to its center location on Earth.
AGES of FEUDALISM
DARK AGES Period between 476 when Rome fell to Turks and 1,000 a.d which historians refer to since few historical records or resources came out of this period.
DRUDISM Religion of Britain and Gaul in pre-Druid Bronge Age 2100 BC. which
was eventually eliminated by Roman general Suetonius Paulinus in 58 AD.
Britian and Wales still hold Celtic ceremonies of poetry and drama.
FEUDALISM European social system based on exchange of land for military service until dividing society into three groups; Clergy, Nobility, toiling class.
God rendered men’s spirits to the Clergy while bestowing Kings with secular power over all, leaving the Serfs and Villeins to toil for both.
MIDDLE AGES 17th c. German historian Christoph Keller termed this phrase describing the period between 400-1500 AD., listing characteristics of feudalism, Crusades, Christendom, Islamic supremacy for learning, Gothic Art which all lead into the Renaissance era.
Early Middle Ages 4th-7th c. Dark Ages
Charlemagne’s Empire 8th century Christianity/Germanic Laws
Middle Ages 9th-10th centuries Feudalism & Tenure
High Middle Ages 11th-14th century Crusades and Churche
Renaissance 14th-16th centuries Exploration and learning
High Renaissance 15th-17th centuries Expansion to modern world
OLD WORLD Europe before discovery of Americas in 1492.
RENAISSANCE AGE 14th-16th ending the Middle Ages.
HIGH RENAISSANCE 1490-1520 art of da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo.
ELIZABETHAN AGE 1558-1603 refers to Queen Elizabeth I of England
1558-1603 refers to Queen Elizabeth I of England
EARLY 1400-1500
HIGH 1500-1527
LATE 1520-1558
TUDOR 1485-1603 English royal reign from Kings Henry VII, Henry VIII, and Edward VI, and Queens Mary I
and Elizabeth I. Originating with the Welsh squire Owen Tudor, died in 1461, the father of Henry VII.
RENAISSANCE PERIOD French for rebirth, first used by Vasari in 1550 denoting revival of Literature and Art in Italy
PERIOD LANGUAGES:
FR French
GERM German
LAT Latin
ME Middle English
OF Old French
OL Old English
ON Old Norse
THE PEOPLE
| Alamanni |
Carolingians |
Icelanders |
Parlentinians |
| Alans |
Celts |
Irish |
Parees |
| Alerians |
Chinese |
Italians |
Pechenegs |
| Angles |
Cumans |
Japanese |
Perisians |
| Anglo Saxons |
Cyrians |
Jews |
Pechenigy |
| Antrustiones(Franks) |
Czecks |
Jutes |
Picts (Caledonians |
| Arabs |
Damascians |
Khazar |
Romans |
| Armorians |
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Khozzars |
Russians |
| Aryans |
Danes |
Kurds |
Saracens |
| Austrians |
Egyptians |
Lett |
Saxons |
| Avatars |
English |
Lombards (Germans) |
Scandinavians |
| Bavarians |
Flemish |
Madridians |
Sciri |
| Bohemians |
Franks |
Majoricans |
Slavs |
| Brusells |
French |
Mericans |
Spaniards |
| Bulgars |
Frisians |
Merovinginans |
Swabian |
| Byzantinians |
Gaels |
Moluccas |
Swedes |
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Gauls |
Mongolians |
Syrians |
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Geats (Swedes) |
Moors |
Teurons |
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Genonians |
Muslims |
Turks |
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Geeks |
Normans |
Vandals |
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Germans |
Norweigians |
Venetians |
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Goths |
Ostogroths |
Viking (Norseman |
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Hungarians |
Ottomans |
Welch |
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Alans nomadic rural horse breeders inhabiting Steppe Black Sea area. 5th c. overrun by the Huns.
Angles 5th-6h c. Germanic people who invaded and settled throughout England
Anglo- pertaining to any people, language, customs from England stemming from its Norman invasion.
Egyptian Sudan
French referring to the two people of England and France
India (Indian) having characteristics of both English and India
Irish English descent living in Ireland, or Hiberno-English or Saxon
Norman refers to the French dialect in England from Norman conquest
Norman French those brought into Britain by the Norman conquerors
Saxon 10th c. English people before Norman invasion, also name from Germanic tribes settling
east part of Britian.
Chronicle surviving manuscripts detailing Norman Conquest.
Arabs Semantic people inhabiting Arabia peninsula, Middle Eastern nation.
Assassins 10th c. founded religious sect of the Muslim Shi’ites.
Avicenna physician, scholar
Mozarabs Christian or Jew living under Muslim rule without converting to Muslim
Muslim Tribes Almohads, Almoravids
Saracens 1-3rd c. term for any Arab tribe in the Sinai desert
Aryan 18th c. Scholar Friedrick Max suggests a warlike North Indian people who spoke the first language which was the basis for all languages.
Avars nomadic Mongol tribe in central Asia
Berbers natives of North Africa who settled in Arabia
Celt/Kelt Indo-European people chiefly represented by the Irish, Gaels, Welsh, and Bretons of Ireland,
Wales, Scotland, Cornwall, Brittany, Isle of Man.
Continental Celtic Celtic spoken/written in ancient times on the mainland of Europe.
Insular Celtic part geographical, part genetic grouping of Celtic languages that consists of those
spoken in the British Isles in ancient times and those descended from them. Cf. Continental Celtic.
Cumans/Cumms Turkish nomadic people
Danes from Denmark smallest country in Scandinavia
Danelaw parts of 9th c. England settled by Danes where their own laws ruled
Franks Germanic people of the Rhine river in France. The Salian tribe conquered Gaul in 500a.d. founding
kingdom that was origin to the name France.
Gael Scottish/Gaelic speaking Celt or Highlander
Gaul region in Western Europe incluingd Belgium, France, Italy and Netherlands
Gallia a province of the ancient Roman Empire, including territory corresponding to modern Belgium, France, West of the German Rhine river, Northern Italy, Southern Netherlands, and Switzerland.
Cisalpine Gaul part of the Southern Alp
Transalpine Gaul part of the northern Alps
Norman Northmen/Scandinavians who conquered Normandy in 10th c.
Norman French mixed Scandinavian and French people in Normandy
Norman Invasion h10th c. William the Conqueror invaded England
Normandy France’s north region along English Channel invaded and settled by Scandinavians, becoming a Duchy in 9th c. later province capital called Rouen.
Glippers 1570 Netherlanders supporting the Spanish King
Gotlanders/Goths
Goths 3-5th c. Teutonic people who invaded and settled in Roman Empire 4-6th c.
Ostrogoths 5th c. sect of the eastern Goths who held a monarchy in Italy.
Visigoths German gothic peoples, a sect of the westerly division of the Goths Which in 4th c. maintained a monarchy in southern France then in Spain in the 7th c.
Hussites religious reformist/movement by John Huss in Bohemia in 14th c.
Jacobites believer/partisan of James II of England after his overthrow (1688)
Stuart member of royal family ruling Scotland 1371-1714, England 1603-1714
Jews semantic people from Judah, descended from ancient Hebrews, practicing Juadism
Zealot member of an ancient sect with object of installing a world Jewish
theocracy and resisting the Roman occupation of the Levant, until ca 70 CE.
Magyars 9 different Nomadic tribes of horse archers who invaded and created Hungary.Finally defeated by Otto I in 955.
Mongols central Asian nomadic people
Golden Horde Mongol kingdom of Batu, grandson of Genghis Khan
Normans Viking people who invaded Normandy France and settled there before conquering England, Italy, Scotland, Sicily, Spain, Wales
Norse/Norwegians/Vikings 8th c. Northmen or ancient Scandinavians pirates who terrorized Mediterranean, White Sea, Iceland, Newfoundland and Labrador.
Ottoman Turks 13th c. dynasty founded by Osman I of Turkey
Picts Scottish people from 1st-4th c.
Saxons Germans in coastal areas near mouth of Elbe, some invaded and occupied parts of Britain in 5th and 6th centuries.
German, Sachsen; French, Saxe.
Member of the royal house of Germany that ruled from 919 to 1024.
Native or inhabitant of Saxony in modern Germany.
Old English dialect and spelling was Seaxan from the regions settled by the Saxons.
Saxony division of N Germany with boundaries at its height from Rhine to E of the Elbe.
Scandivanians regions in northern Europe of Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and the Faroe Islands.
Viking 5th c. Scandinavian peoples began plundering all European coasts, their name is derived from VIK meaning pirate, or from the word Veek, meaning they.
Swedes/Geatish Sweden, Finland, Danish, Norwegian people of Germanic language.
Swiss having 23 cantons in west central Europe neutral since 1515.
Austria central Europe of Germany
Golden League 1586 formed by Catholic states of Switzerland to defend faith
Teutons from Jutland invaded Gaul, later wiped out by the Romans in 102
Teutonic tribes of ancient European including German, Dutch, Scandinavian, British, and related peoples with languages of Germanic, Nordic.
Vandals German barbarians who overran the Roman Empire and ravaged Gaul, Spain, No. Africa destroying many books and works of art.
Varnagians of Roslagen tribe of Danes-Swedes-English-Gotlanders
Wends terms of German and Scandinavians of the West Slav people.
Yugoslavs/South Slavs/Jungo homeland beyond Carpathian mountains of lower Danube.
MEDIEVAL NATIONS
of power, wealth, commerce
ATHENS 12th c. Latin Duchy established by Crusaders after conquest of Constantinople
BRABANT duchy in western Europe, now divided between Netherlands and Belgium
BULGARIA Slavonic people of Asia origin
BYZANTINE early Eastern Roman, Empire ruled from Byzantium Istanbul
CONSTANTINOPLE 3rd c. founded by the Emperor Constantine, built on site of Greek town called
Byzantium, thus giving its name to his empire.
EGYPT province of the Byzantine Empire
DENMARK south most Scandinavia kingdoms of the Jutland peninsula
FLANDERS country in west Europe along the North Sea from Dover to the Scheldt River
EMPIRE of NICAEA 3rd c. Constantinople split into 3 states Epirus, Nicaea, Tribizond
BRITTANY known as Armorica until the 6th century 6-8th c. known as Britannia Minor or Little Britain
ENGLAND/Roman Britain Germanic people known as Saxons were allowed to settle inside its
borders in exchange for military service.
LONDON Saxons chose this area to reside because of the Thames river
FEITORIA 15th c. trading posts in Portugal, largest in Brazil and East Indies
FINLAND 8th c. Finns were Asiatic people
FLANDERS 9th c. principality, powerful independent state from 11th-14th c.
FRANCE
BURGANDY created in the 5th c. in valley of Phone and Saone by Germanic people
PARIS 5th c. became the Merovingian King Clovi’s capital
GENOA huge Mediterranean trade of mercantiles
GERMANY closely bound to Italy until 8th c. First German Reiche was ‘Otto the Great’
GREENLAND 10th c. island settled by Scandinavians
HUNGARY middle land of the Danube and the Hun people who were Asiatic
ICELAND not settled until 8th century
IRELAND ruled over by a hundred kings it became divided into 4 Provinces in 8th c.
Ui Cheinnselaig/Ui Dunalinge = Leinster
Eogannachta= Munster
Ui Briuin = Connaught
Ui Neill = Ulster
ITALY 4th c. Ravenna kings chose Rome as the capital of Italy
FLORENCE seat of the Langoba rd family, not important until Tuscany in 12th c.
LOMBARDY kingdom of north Italy
MILAN 4th c. capital of Cisalpine Gaul
NAPLES kingdoms of Sicily and south Italy kingdoms of Sicily and south Italy
NETHERLANDS areas of Rhine, Sicily and southern Italy areas of Rhine, Sicily and southern Italy
SYRACUSE was the ancient name for Sicily
VATICAN power and palace of the Pope
VENICE 6th c. created by refugees from surrounding wars
NORWAY 8th c. Vikings became Norwegian sailors/pirates
NOVOROD 9th c. Scandinavian merchants used waterways linking Baltic/Black seas
PERSIA/IRAN 6th c. became part of Muslim empire
POLAND 8th c. Princes/Piasts were late in significance to Middle Age
PORTUGAL began as part of Galacia, totally dependant on Kingdom of Asturias
PRUSSIA derived from the Teutonic order and thrived under Frederick the Great
RHODES 14th c. principal island of Dodecanes
ROME 5th c. principal island of Dodecanes of the north east end
ROMAN AFRICA exported wine, grapes, olives and oil
SPAIN 4th c. Roman rule was lost when Alans & Vandals overran the peninsula
ARAGON medieval Kingdom of north-east Spain
BARCELONA Spanish Mediterranean port
CASTILLE 10th c. small district in Calabrain mountain of Burgos Spain
SWEDEN 4th c. formed as a Swedish medieval kingdom
SWITZERLAND 12th c. created from 3 German cantons Schwyz-Unterwalden-Uri
VINLAND region of East Coast America
WESSEX kingdom in south England, later became an earldom, capital is Winchester
WORM CONCORDANT Germanic chieftain founded the Episcopal city on Rhine
FAMOUS PEOPLE
ALEXANDER NEVSKY Russian prince, hero, saint
BRIENNE WALKER 13th c. Duke of Athens, Count of Lecce
FRANCIOS VILLON 14th c. writer of ballads and roundeaux
GEOFFREY of Monmouth 11th c. Bishop author of ‘Historia Regum Britannia’
GUILHEM WILLIAM IAM duke of Aquintaine
IVAN the TERRIBLE first king to be crowned Tsar of Russia
JACQUES de MOLAI 13th c. Grand Master of the Knight Templars
JEAN de JOINVILLE Nobleman from Champagne on Crusade with King Louis IX
JENGHIZ KHAN/Genghis 11th c. leader of the Mongols
KUBKAI KHAN 12th c. grandson of Genghis
KENNETH mac ALPIN first king of the Scots and Picts
LYCAS de PENNA 13th c. commenter of Roman laws
RAMOND LULL 12th c. adopted religious life remembered for his most famous of writings ’ Ars Genealis sive Magnis’ the method of finding the ultimate truth.
MARCO POLO 12th c. Venetian whose travels are widely known but not his trip to China that lead him to serve Kublai Khan for twenty years before returning to Italy.
MAY of BURGANDY 14th c. daughter heiress of King Charles the Bald, married Maximilian I Hapsburg.
MIRADOLA PICO DELLA son of prince of Mirandola
RAGNAR LOTHBROK ‘Leather Breeches’ 9th c. Viking Hero
RAINALD of DASSELL Imperial Chancellor of Frederick I/Barbarossa
REYNARD the FOX popular figure in a series of tales
RICHARD de CLAE ‘Strongbow’ 11th c. Anglo-Saxon figure in invasion of Ireland
RICHARD I LIONHEART ‘Coeur de Lion’ 11th c. King of England
RICHARD NEVILPE “Kingmaker’ 14th c. his ambiti0n started the ‘War of the Roses’
RIURIK of VARNAGIANS arrives in Ukraine, establishes the first of his line
ROBERT le BOURGE ‘Bulgar’ 12th c. a medieval inquisitor
ROBERT II becomes first Stewart king of Scotland
ROLAND 7th c. Warden of Brendon March, cousin of Charlemagne
ROLLO 9th c. Duke of Normandy
RUDOLPH of ERHEINFELDEN 1oth c. Duke of Swabia Germany appointed by Henry IV
SHORRI STURLUSON 11th c. greatest saga writers
ST. JOAN of ARC 14th c. peasant girl of Domremy on Lorraine French border
TARIG ibn ZIYAD 7th c,. Berber commander
TASSILO 7th c. Duke of Bavaria
WILLIAM MARSHALL 11th c. Earl of Pembroke, poor but famous tournament jouster who married Richard de Clare’s daughter Isabella and assumed her massive land holdings and title. He was instrumental in negotiating the Magna Carat.
WOLFRAM von ESCHENBACK 12th c. German poet |
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